[Nutritional risk factors for gallstones. Epidemiological analysis]

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Epidemiology
• Nutritional Science

Context:

• Gallbladder disease exhibits significant global geographical variations.
• Pima Indians and Chileans represent populations with high gallstone incidence.

Purpose:

• To review the role of nutrition in the incidence of gallstones.
• To identify key nutritional risk factors associated with gallstone formation.

Summary:

• Obesity is a primary nutritional risk factor for gallstones.
• Other risks include high serum cholesterol/triglycerides, excessive caloric intake, prolonged fasting, very low-calorie diets, and extended parenteral nutrition.
• Nutritional imbalances and obesity are strongly linked to gallbladder disease.

Impact:

• Public health programs promoting improved nutrition and weight management are essential.
• Reducing obesity and nutritional imbalances can lower the incidence of gallstones.