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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids, corniculates, and...
Esophagus01:24

Esophagus

The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
The movement of edibles from the pharynx into the esophagus is facilitated by the upper esophageal sphincter, which is formed primarily by the...
Deglutition01:25

Deglutition

Swallowing, otherwise known as deglutition, facilitates the transport of food from the mouth to the stomach. It is a multifaceted process that involves both the tongue and the muscles of the throat and esophagus. Saliva and mucus aid in this process, which takes approximately 4 to 8 seconds for semi-solid or solid food and around 1 second for liquids or very soft food.
Swallowing can be divided into three stages: the voluntary phase, the pharyngeal phase, and the esophageal phase. Although the...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models
08:32

Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models

Published on: March 1, 2015

Vowel duration characteristics of esophageal speech.

J M Christensen, B Weinberg

    Journal of Speech and Hearing Research
    |December 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Esophageal speakers produce longer vowel durations than normal speakers, without reducing duration to compensate for reduced airflow. These differences are influenced by surrounding consonant voicing, suggesting English durational rules persist post-laryngectomy.

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    Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
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    Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

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    Adapting Human Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study Methods to Detect and Characterize Dysphagia in Murine Disease Models
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    Published on: March 1, 2015

    Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing
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    Minimally Invasive Murine Laryngoscopy for Close-Up Imaging of Laryngeal Motion During Breathing and Swallowing

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    Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
    09:09

    Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody

    Published on: September 27, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Speech Science
    • Laryngology
    • Phonetics

    Background:

    • Esophageal speech relies on alternative methods for voice production after laryngectomy.
    • Vowel duration is a critical component of speech intelligibility and prosody.
    • Understanding durational differences in esophageal speech informs therapeutic strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare vowel durations between esophageal and normal speakers.
    • To investigate the influence of consonant voicing on vowel duration in both speaker groups.
    • To determine if English phonological rules for vowel duration are maintained in esophageal speech.

    Main Methods:

    • Acoustic analysis of representative vowels produced by 10 esophageal and 9 normal speakers.
    • Measurement of vowel durations.
    • Comparison of durations based on consonant voicing environments (voiced vs. voiceless).

    Main Results:

    • Esophageal speakers exhibited consistently longer overall vowel durations than normal speakers.
    • Vowels in voiceless consonant contexts were significantly longer for esophageal speakers compared to normal speakers.
    • No significant duration differences were found for vowels in voiced consonant contexts between the groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Esophageal speakers do not shorten vowels to compensate for reduced airflow.
    • Vowel duration in esophageal speech is influenced by consonant voicing, similar to normal speech.
    • These findings support the retention of inherent, rule-governed English durational features after laryngeal amputation.