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Bacteriophage inactivation at the air-water-solid interface in dynamic batch systems.

S S Thompson1, M V Yates

  • 1Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|March 2, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Bacteriophage inactivation depends on dynamic interfaces and solution conditions. MS2 and R17 phages were inactivated, unlike phiX174, due to interfacial forces and ionic strength.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Virology
  • Physical chemistry

Background:

  • Bacteriophages are crucial surrogates for human enteric viruses in transport and fate studies.
  • Understanding viral inactivation mechanisms is vital for environmental risk assessment and water safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the inactivation mechanisms of three distinct bacteriophages (MS2, R17, phiX174) under dynamic batch conditions.
  • To determine the influence of interfacial forces, ionic strength, and surface-active compounds on viral inactivation.

Main Methods:

  • Dynamic batch experiments involving percolation of phage solutions through glass and Teflon beads.
  • Mixing experiments in polypropylene tubes at varying ionic strengths.
  • Assessment of inactivation with and without the addition of Tween 80 (a surfactant).

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Main Results:

  • MS2 and R17 bacteriophages underwent significant inactivation due to dynamic air-water-solid interfaces, particularly with hydrophobic surfaces.
  • phiX174 bacteriophage showed resistance to inactivation under similar interfacial conditions.
  • Inactivation of MS2 and R17 increased with rising ionic strength, while phiX174 remained unaffected.
  • The addition of Tween 80 prevented the inactivation of MS2 and R17, indicating the role of surface-active compounds.

Conclusions:

  • Viral inactivation in dynamic batch systems is influenced by the presence of a dynamic air-water-solid interface, solution ionic strength, surfactant concentration, and virus type.
  • The differential inactivation suggests specific interactions of bacteriophages with interfaces and solution chemistry.
  • These findings provide insights into the fate of viruses in environmental systems and the factors governing their survival.