Lipid A diversity and the innate host response to bacterial infection
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Updated: Oct 24, 2026

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Lipid A from Gram-negative Bacteria
Published on: September 16, 2013
1Department of Periodontics, Box 357444, School of Dentistry, Universityof Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7444, USA. rdarveau@u.washington.edu
Abstract:
Lipopolysaccharide, a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is a potent immunostimulatory molecule which activates the innate host defense system. Over the past few years progress has been made in identifying the molecular mechanisms of host recognition of lipid A (a component of lipopolysaccharide), the identification of the genes required for Escherichia coli lipid A biosynthesis, and the role of lipid A acylation when viable bacteria are presented to host cells. Recent data indicate that bacteria can regulate this molecule in response to different host microenvironments. Host factors that induce lipid A modifications and the resultant changes in host response remain to be determined.
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