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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
Dysrhythmias I: Introduction01:15

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...
Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 18, 2026

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography
07:11

Morphological and Functional Assessment of the Right Ventricle Using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.

G Fontaine1, F Fontaliran, J L Hébert

  • 1Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Jean Rostand, Ivry sur Seine, France.

Annual Review of Medicine
|March 12, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is an underdiagnosed cardiomyopathy causing sudden death in young people. Diagnosis involves imaging and genetic factors, with treatments including medications and defibrillators.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) is an underrecognized cardiomyopathy.
  • It is a significant cause of sudden arrhythmic death in young individuals and can lead to heart failure.
  • ARVD presents a wide clinical spectrum, potentially linked to myocardial fat replacement and genetic predisposition to myocarditis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD).
  • To discuss diagnostic criteria and methods for identifying ARVD.
  • To outline current and emerging treatment strategies for ARVD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD).
  • Discussion of diagnostic modalities including electrocardiography, echocardiography, nuclear medicine, MRI, and contrast ventriculography.
  • Analysis of etiological factors, clinical presentation, and therapeutic options.

Main Results:

  • ARVD is likely more frequent than commonly reported and presents diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Diagnostic tools like ECG, echocardiography, MRI, and ventriculography are crucial for identification.
  • The condition may stem from myocardial fatty infiltration and genetic susceptibility to environmental factors.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of ARVD relies on a combination of imaging techniques and histological examination.
  • Management strategies encompass pharmacotherapy, ablative procedures, heart failure treatment, and potentially implantable defibrillators.
  • Further research into the genetic and environmental factors of ARVD is warranted.