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Evolutionary branching under asymmetric competition.

¹Department of Zoology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. eva.kisdi@utu.fi

Journal of Theoretical Biology

|March 13, 1999

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Evolutionary game theory shows that even small mutations can lead to diverse strategies in competitive populations. This can result in complex polymorphisms or, conversely, population extinction.

Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Theoretical ecology
Game theory

Background:

Continuous traits, such as body size, influence competitive contest outcomes.
Larger trait values typically confer a higher probability of winning in contests.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the evolution of strategy polymorphism from a monomorphic population.
To determine conditions for the emergence and stability of multiple strategies in competitive scenarios.

Main Methods:

Utilized a Lotka-Volterra-type model for asymmetric competition.
Derived analytical conditions for the evolution of two strategies.
Employed numerical analysis and computer simulations for higher-order polymorphisms.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

A polymorphism of distinct strategies can evolve even with small phenotypic mutations.
High levels of polymorphism can accumulate during evolutionary processes.
Coevolution in polymorphic populations may lead to extinction and reduced polymorphism.

Conclusions:

The study provides insights into the conditions favoring the evolution of complex strategy diversity.
The findings suggest potential parallels between the evolution of haploid strategies and sympatric speciation in diploid populations.