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Morphologic changes in chronic high-pressure experimental glaucoma in rhesus monkeys.

S S Hayreh1, J Pe'er, M B Zimmerman

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.

Journal of Glaucoma
|March 20, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Vascular disease and age may worsen glaucoma damage in the optic nerve head (ONH). Glaucomatous changes are multifactorial, not solely due to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
  • Optic nerve head (ONH) damage is a hallmark of glaucoma.
  • The role of vascular factors and age in glaucoma progression is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate morphologic changes in the posterior segment and ONH in experimental glaucoma in rhesus monkeys.
  • To evaluate the influence of age and vascular disease on glaucomatous damage.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental glaucoma was induced via laser photocoagulation in 28 rhesus monkey eyes.
  • Eyes were categorized based on the presence of atherosclerosis and chronic arterial hypertension (A-H).
  • Intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored, and eyes underwent histopathologic examination after 4-60 months.

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Main Results:

  • Histopathology revealed significant atrophy in the peripapillary choroid, retinal nerve fiber layer, and optic nerve head structures.
  • Axonal atrophy and fibrous septal thickening in the lamina cribrosa were prevalent.
  • Greater ONH damage was observed in animals with A-H compared to those without.

Conclusions:

  • Vascular disease, particularly atherosclerosis and hypertension, appears to exacerbate glaucomatous ONH damage.
  • Age may also play a role, warranting further investigation.
  • Glaucomatous changes are likely multifactorial, involving both mechanical (IOP) and vascular components.