Newborn hypoglycemia

Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common problem encountered by both term and preterm infants. It can be either symptomatic or asymptomatic. Prolonged hypoglycemia may result in permanent neurologic impairment and death. Definitions of hypoglycemia vary and remain controversial. Underlying causes of hypoglycemia include (a) inadequate glucose production; (b) increased glucose utilization; (c) abnormalities of endocrine regulation; and (d) other causes. Nurse practitioners must be aware of infants at risk for hypoglycemia so they can provide appropriate interventions. In this article the clinical characteristics of hypoglycemia are reviewed, various causes for hypoglycemia are identified, and an infant with prolonged hypoglycemia is described. In addition, the role of the nurse practitioner in the care and management of these infants is addressed.