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Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Isolation of Lipoprotein Particles from Chicken Egg Yolk for the Study of Bacterial Pathogen Fatty Acid Incorporation into Membrane Phospholipids
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Lipid metabolism in Achlya: changes in lipid composition during development.

S W Law, D N Burton

    Canadian Journal of Microbiology
    |December 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Lipid composition in Achlya sp. changes significantly throughout its life cycle. Neutral lipids and phospholipids dramatically shift, while glycolipids remain stable after germination, impacting cellular processes.

    Area of Science:

    • Lipid biochemistry
    • Oomycete developmental biology
    • Cellular metabolism

    Background:

    • Lipid metabolism is crucial for fungal development and reproduction.
    • Achlya sp. undergoes distinct developmental stages, including spore germination, vegetative growth, and sporulation.
    • Understanding lipid dynamics provides insights into cellular energy storage and membrane composition.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the changes in lipid composition during the life cycle of Achlya sp.
    • To quantify neutral lipid, phospholipid, and glycolipid proportions at different developmental stages.
    • To analyze the fatty acid profiles of various lipid fractions in vegetative and sporulating cells.

    Main Methods:

    • Total lipid extraction from Achlya sp. at various life cycle stages.

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  • Lipid fractionation using techniques like photo-reflectometry.
  • Gas chromatography or similar methods for fatty acid composition analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Spores contain 62% neutral lipid, 13% phospholipid, and 25% glycolipid.
    • Post-germination, neutral lipid levels decrease sharply before increasing during sporulation, while phospholipids show an inverse trend.
    • Specific fatty acids like hydroxyhexadecanoic acid are absent in vegetative cell phospholipids but present in other lipid fractions.

    Conclusions:

    • Achlya sp. exhibits dynamic lipid remodeling during its life cycle, with significant shifts in neutral lipids and phospholipids.
    • These lipid changes are likely linked to developmental transitions, energy demands, and membrane biogenesis.
    • Fatty acid composition varies across lipid classes and developmental stages, suggesting specialized roles.