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Related Experiment Videos

Likelihood-based approach to estimating twin concordance for dichotomous traits.

J S Witte1, J B Carlin, J L Hopper

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Genetic Epidemiology
|March 30, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Understanding twin concordance requires considering ascertainment methods. This study derives estimators and variances for casewise and pairwise concordance, crucial for genetic epidemiology research.

Area of Science:

  • Genetic Epidemiology
  • Biostatistics
  • Statistical Genetics

Background:

  • Twin concordance measures (casewise and pairwise) are distinct and essential in genetic epidemiology.
  • The method of ascertainment significantly impacts the choice and validity of concordance estimators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive expressions for casewise and pairwise concordance estimators and their asymptotic variances.
  • To evaluate these estimators under various twin ascertainment schemes using a likelihood framework.
  • To clarify the distinction between concordance measures and their estimators.

Main Methods:

  • Development of likelihood-based formulas for concordance estimators and their variances.
  • Application of derived formulas to existing twin study data.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of estimator performance under random, complete, and incomplete ascertainment.

    • Main Results:

    • Under random or complete ascertainment, casewise and pairwise estimators are asymptotically unbiased.
    • Under incomplete ascertainment, both casewise and pairwise estimators are biased.
    • The probandwise estimator is asymptotically unbiased for casewise concordance under incomplete ascertainment.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate estimation of twin concordance depends critically on the ascertainment method.
    • The probandwise estimator offers an unbiased alternative for casewise concordance under incomplete ascertainment.
    • The likelihood framework can be extended to incorporate covariates like zygosity and cohabitation.