A search for the best buffer to use in assaying human lactate dehydrogenase with the lactate-to-pyruvate reaction

Highly purified human lactate dehydrogenases I and V were assayed in 17 different buffers, at a variety of reaction pH's. Diethanolamine and 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol provided the best measurements of the enzyme, assayed lactate-to-pyruvate. However, the commercial preparation of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol contained insoluble matter and was relatively expensive. All of the four buffers nowmost commonly used were found to present difficulties. Glycine and pyrophosphate were inhibotory tolactate dehydrogenase activity with increasing buffer concentration. 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol had three major disadvantages: it is chemically unstable during reagent preparation; activity is dependent on buffer concentration; and the pH optima for isoenzymes I and V are vastly different. The pKa of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane is 8.0 at 30 degrees C, whereas to measure total activity the reaction pH should be greater than 8.5; thus tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane has limited buffering capacity at the reaction pH.