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Sequential effects in two-choice reaction time: automatic facilitation or subjective expectancy?

N H Kirby

    Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception and Performance
    |November 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Reaction time tasks show a shift from repetition to alternation effects as the interval between stimulus and response increases. Subjective expectancy influences this across all intervals, while automatic facilitation is limited to shorter intervals.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Human Factors Engineering

    Background:

    • Reaction time (RT) tasks reveal repetition effects (faster RT for repeated stimuli) and alternation effects (faster RT for new stimuli).
    • Understanding sequential effects in RT tasks is crucial for cognitive process analysis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the temporal dynamics of repetition and alternation effects in a two-choice RT task.
    • To differentiate the underlying mechanisms of repetition and alternation effects.
    • To examine the roles of subjective expectancy and automatic facilitation in these effects.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a two-choice reaction time task with varying response-stimulus intervals (50 ms to 2,000 ms).
    • Analyzed higher-order sequential effects.
    • Conducted experiments to assess subjective expectancy and automatic facilitation.

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    Main Results:

    • A transition from repetition to alternation effects was observed as the response-stimulus interval increased.
    • Distinct higher-order sequential effects were identified for repetition versus alternation effects.
    • Subjective expectancy was found to influence RT across all intervals, whereas automatic facilitation was significant only at short intervals.

    Conclusions:

    • The interplay between repetition and alternation effects is time-dependent.
    • Different cognitive mechanisms likely underlie repetition and alternation effects.
    • Both expectancy and automatic facilitation contribute to RT performance, with distinct temporal profiles.