Philosophical foundations of respect for autonomy

Area of Science:

• Medical Ethics
• Moral Philosophy
• Bioethics

Background:

• The principle of respect for autonomy is a cornerstone of modern medical ethics.
• Its philosophical underpinnings require thorough examination for consistent application.
• Key ethical theories offer frameworks for understanding autonomy's basis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the philosophical foundations of respect for autonomy in medical ethics.
• To compare the contributions of Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill to this principle.
• To clarify the scope and application of autonomy in healthcare contexts.

Main Methods:

• Philosophical analysis of Kant's principle of humanity.
• Examination of John Stuart Mill's principle of liberty.
• Comparative study of shared concepts, including rational agency and the influence/control distinction.

Main Results:

• Kant and Mill share common ground on autonomy's basis in rational agency.
• Both philosophers restrict the principle to rational agents.
• A crucial distinction between influence and control is identified in their works.

Conclusions:

• Kantian and Millian philosophies provide a robust foundation for medical ethics.
• Understanding these foundations clarifies the application of respect for autonomy in healthcare.
• This analysis informs practices related to informed consent, truth-telling, and confidentiality.