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Related Experiment Videos

Bioeffects in echocardiography.

E L Carstensen1, F A Duck, R S Meltzer

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Rochester Center for Biomedical Ultrasound, The University of Rochester, New York.

Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)
|October 5, 1992
PubMed
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Clinical ultrasound may cause biological effects through heating and cavitation. While heart and lung are generally safe, bone and lung hemorrhage are potential risks under extreme conditions, especially in pediatric or obstetric imaging.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Ultrasound Technology

Background:

  • Ultrasound's clinical use relies on two primary mechanisms for biological effects: thermal (heating) and nonthermal (cavitation).
  • Cavitation involves the ultrasonic activation and collapse of gas bodies within tissues, potentially leading to significant biological responses.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for assessing the safety of diagnostic ultrasound procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the potential biological effects of clinical ultrasound, focusing on thermal and nonthermal mechanisms.
  • To identify specific tissues at risk from ultrasound exposure during diagnostic procedures.
  • To inform users about potential risks, particularly in sensitive applications like pediatric and obstetric imaging.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Review of existing literature on ultrasound bioeffects, including thermal and nonthermal mechanisms.
  • Analysis of ultrasonic energy absorption and cavitation thresholds in various human tissues.
  • Assessment of typical and extreme exposure levels in diagnostic echocardiography.

Main Results:

  • Significant heating of heart and lung tissues is unlikely under normal diagnostic ultrasound conditions.
  • Bone (ribs) may experience heating up to 6°C under extreme conditions.
  • Nonthermal effects, such as lung hemorrhage, are possible at high pressure levels (around 1 MPa), though unlikely in routine echocardiography.
  • Pulsed ultrasound can affect cardiac contraction, but exposures exceed typical diagnostic levels.

Conclusions:

  • While generally safe, certain ultrasound devices approach levels that could induce thermal or nonthermal biological effects.
  • Awareness of potential risks is essential, particularly for pediatric and obstetric applications where output levels may increase.
  • Further vigilance is recommended as ultrasound technology advances and output levels are pushed higher.