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Post-disaster malaria in Costa Rica.

R Sáenz1, R A Bissell, F Paniagua

  • 1Ministry of Health, Costa Rica.

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine
|June 7, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Natural disasters like earthquakes can trigger infectious disease outbreaks. A Costa Rican earthquake and floods led to a significant malaria surge due to environmental changes and altered human behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • The link between natural disasters and infectious disease outbreaks is debated.
  • This study investigates malaria incidence following the 1991 Costa Rican earthquake and floods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the impact of the 1991 Limón earthquake and subsequent floods on malaria incidence.
  • To identify potential causal factors for observed changes in malaria rates.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiologic investigation of malaria incidence.
  • Data collected from the Costa Rican Ministry of Health's malaria control program.
  • Comparison of malaria rates for 22 months pre-earthquake and 13 months post-earthquake.

Main Results:

  • Malaria incidence increased dramatically in some areas, reaching 1,600% and 4,700% above pre-earthquake rates.
  • Contributing factors included changes in human behavior (increased mosquito exposure) and environmental alterations (landslides, damming, floods).
  • A temporary halt in malaria control activities also played a role.

Conclusions:

  • Disaster-wrought environmental changes can have severe public health consequences.
  • Enhanced awareness of these risks is crucial for disaster preparedness and response.
  • The study highlights the need to consider infectious disease risks following natural disasters.

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