Caring for children with special needs in HMOs: the consumer's perspective

HMOs should design and include in their services case management systems and health plan policies that meet the special needs of children with chronic illness and their families. Information provided by the plan on case management support and access to specialty care services is critical in helping families choose HMOs that can best serve their child. A child advocate illustrates certain steps, including partnership roles, that health plans can take to assist families with children with special needs.