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Does filial piety exist under Chinese communism?

N Chow1

  • 1University of Hong Kong, China.

Journal of Aging & Social Policy
|December 10, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Filial piety (xiao) remains central to elder support in China, influencing both traditional practices and modern welfare systems. The study examines the coexistence of village-based support and urban state-financed retirement benefits, highlighting resulting societal tensions.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Sociology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • China's long-standing tradition of respecting elders, known as filial piety (xiao), is a cornerstone of its societal values.
  • While modern societal shifts have impacted traditional practices, filial piety continues to underpin elder support systems in contemporary China.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted meaning and observance of filial piety (xiao) in both historical and modern Chinese contexts.
  • To analyze the development and interplay of distinct elder support systems within China.
  • To examine the societal tensions arising from the dichotomous welfare structures for the elderly.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative analysis of historical and contemporary Chinese social structures and policies related to elder care.
  • Examination of ideological influences on welfare provision for the elderly in China.
  • Comparative study of rural and urban elder support mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Despite initial ideological opposition from Chinese communists, filial piety has been tolerated and integrated into rural welfare networks for the elderly.
  • Urban workers receive sophisticated, state-financed retirement benefits, reflecting socialist ideology.
  • Two distinct systems for supporting the elderly now coexist in China: one rooted in tradition and the other in state-provided welfare.

Conclusions:

  • The persistence of filial piety demonstrates its enduring significance in Chinese society, even amidst political and economic transformations.
  • The dual welfare system creates inherent tensions, reflecting a complex adaptation of tradition and ideology in supporting China's aging population.
  • Understanding these dichotomous systems is crucial for addressing the future of elder care and social welfare in China.

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