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Antimicrobial selection, administration and dosage
1Preclinical Veterinary Studies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Abstract:
Various types of information contribute to the selection of an antimicrobial agent. Initial requirements are diagnosis of the site and nature of the infection, assessment of the severity of the infectious process and medical condition of the diseased animal; these are embodied in clinical experience. Additional considerations include identification of the causative pathogenic microorganism, knowledge of its susceptibility to antimicrobial agents (microbiological considerations) and of the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug of choice and alternative drugs, and their potential toxicity (pharmacological considerations) in the animal species. Select an antimicrobial drug and dosage form appropriate for use in the particular animal species. Usual dosage regimens may be applied, except in the presence of renal or hepatic impairment, when either modified dosage or a drug belonging to another class should be used. The duration of therapy is determined by monitoring the response both by clinical assessment and bacterial culture. A favourable clinical response is the ultimate criterion of successful therapy.
Insights
Selecting the right antimicrobial drug for animals involves diagnosing the infection, identifying the pathogen, and considering drug properties and animal health. Dosage and duration depend on clinical response and bacterial culture, ensuring effective treatment.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Pharmacology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Antimicrobial selection in animals requires integrating clinical, microbiological, and pharmacological data.
- Effective treatment necessitates a thorough understanding of infection characteristics and animal health status.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline a comprehensive approach for selecting appropriate antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine.
- To emphasize the importance of considering various factors for optimal therapeutic outcomes.
Main Methods:
- Diagnosis of infection site, nature, and severity.
- Identification of causative microorganisms and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
- Evaluation of drug pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and species-specific considerations.
Main Results:
- Clinical experience, microbiological data, and pharmacological properties guide antimicrobial selection.
- Dosage adjustments are necessary for animals with renal or hepatic impairment.
- Therapeutic success is determined by clinical assessment and bacterial culture monitoring.
Conclusions:
- A multi-faceted approach integrating clinical, microbiological, and pharmacological data ensures rational antimicrobial drug selection in animals.
- Monitoring treatment response is crucial for determining therapy duration and confirming successful outcomes.