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The pathology of bone allograft
S H Palmer1, C L Gibbons, N A Athanasou
1Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, England, UK.
The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British Volume
|April 16, 1999
Summary
Histological examination of femoral heads for bone donation revealed occult diseases in 8% of cases. This highlights the need for routine screening to ensure allograft safety and efficacy.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Pathology
- Tissue Banking
Background:
- Osteoarthritis is a common condition affecting femoral heads.
- Femoral heads are frequently considered for bone allograft donation.
- Screening protocols for bone donation primarily focus on infectious diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of non-osteoarthritic pathological lesions in femoral heads intended for bone banking.
- To assess the suitability of osteoarthritic femoral heads for bone allograft donation based on histological findings.
Main Methods:
- Histological analysis of 1146 osteoarthritic femoral heads.
- Identification and classification of pathological conditions beyond osteoarthritis.
Main Results:
- 8% (91 out of 1146) of femoral heads exhibited occult pathological conditions.
- Commonly identified diseases included chondrocalcinosis (63 cases), avascular necrosis (13), osteomas (6), and malignant tumors (3).
- Other findings included metabolic bone disease (2 cases) and inflammatory arthritis (4 cases).
Conclusions:
- Occult pathological conditions are prevalent in osteoarthritic femoral heads considered for bone donation.
- Histological examination should be integrated into bone-bank screening protocols.
- This practice is crucial for ensuring the safety and quality of bone allografts.