Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen mutants and their integration in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Vaccine escape hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) mutants are capable of independent replication and have been implicated in acute hepatitis. We now report the detection of these mutants with changes at various positions of the antigenic 'a' determinant in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Southern blot analysis indicated that the HBsAg mutant with the Glycine to Arginine change at position 145 was integrated in HCC, whereas those with a Threonine at position 133 instead of a Methionine were identified in the serum of aggressive HCC. Further studies on HBsAg mutants in HCC should provide new insights on their involvement in the hepatocarcinogenesis.