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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
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Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
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Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

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Published on: May 10, 2018

Protein synthesis initiation factor 4G.

B D Keiper1, W Gan, R E Rhoads

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130-3932, USA.

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
|April 27, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) is crucial for mRNA recruitment. Its degradation impacts protein synthesis and is linked to cell transformation and stress responses.

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Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
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Rapid In Vivo Fixation and Isolation of Translational Complexes from Eukaryotic Cells
14:29

Rapid In Vivo Fixation and Isolation of Translational Complexes from Eukaryotic Cells

Published on: December 25, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G) is essential for mRNA recruitment to the ribosome.
  • Multiple isoforms of eIF4G exist across species, with mammalian eIF4G-1 synthesized via internal translation initiation.
  • eIF4G is a target for proteases activated during stress conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of eIF4G in protein synthesis and mRNA translation regulation.
  • To investigate the impact of eIF4G degradation on cellular conditions like stress and malignant transformation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of eIF4G's binding interactions with other translation initiation factors.
  • Studying the effects of eIF4G proteolysis and competitor protein expression on mRNA translation.
  • Correlating eIF4G levels with cellular states such as malignant transformation, nutritional deprivation, and anoxia.

Main Results:

  • eIF4G facilitates mRNA recruitment by binding initiation factors, co-localizing mRNA termini, and interacting with RNA helicase and ribosomal subunits.
  • Preferential translation of growth-regulated mRNAs occurs with enhanced eIF4E-eIF4G interaction.
  • Interference with eIF4G binding alters the translated mRNA spectrum, impacting protein synthesis.

Conclusions:

  • eIF4G plays a central role in regulating mRNA translation and protein synthesis.
  • eIF4G proteolysis and altered interactions significantly modify the cellular translatome.
  • Elevated eIF4G levels are associated with malignant transformation, while decreased levels correlate with nutritional deprivation and anoxia.