Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 23, 2026

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
Published on: October 16, 2021
Evaluation of the pediatric patient with a cardiac murmur
1Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.
Abstract:
In conclusion, the evaluation of cardiac murmurs represents one of the most skilled and demanding aspects of the pediatric physical assessment. It does provide a significant service to patients and a level of satisfaction for competent practitioners, and referral is not always warranted. The decision for referral is based on the presumed diagnosis, confidence of the examiner, and level of parental anxiety. Most often, referral to a cardiologist for directed investigation rather than direct echocardiographic assessment serves patients best.
Related Concept Videos
Assessment of apical pulse
Assessing the apical pulse is a critical nursing procedure, particularly indicated for:
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management
Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests
Heart Sounds
Auscultation is the process of listening to these internal body sounds using a stethoscope. The heart produces four types of sounds, but only two—S1 and S2—can usually be heard with a stethoscope.
S1, also known as the "lub" sound, is caused by the closure of atrioventricular (A-V) valves at the...
