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The cardiac murmur. When to refer?

A N Pelech1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|March 10, 1998
PubMed
Summary

This review details recognizing innocent heart murmurs in children. Accurate diagnosis of pediatric murmurs requires specific skills and experience for appropriate patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Auscultation Skills
  • Diagnostic Evaluation

Background:

  • Heart sounds and murmurs are fundamental to cardiac examination.
  • Distinguishing innocent murmurs from pathological ones is crucial in pediatric care.
  • Understanding the origin of murmurs aids in accurate diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the significance of recognizing innocent cardiac murmurs in childhood.
  • To define essential skills for diagnosing and identifying common innocent murmurs.
  • To present a structured approach to pediatric murmur evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the origin of heart sounds and murmurs.
  • Detailed examination of seven common innocent murmurs in children and adolescents.
  • Discussion of diagnostic evaluation and referral criteria.

Main Results:

  • The review emphasizes the importance of specific skills for accurate murmur recognition.
  • Seven distinct innocent murmurs of childhood and adolescence are described.
  • Evaluation approach for pediatric murmurs is presented.

Conclusions:

  • Proficiency in recognizing and characterizing innocent murmurs is vital.
  • Diagnostic decisions and referrals depend on clinician experience and confidence.
  • Effective management hinges on the correct identification of pediatric cardiac murmurs.

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