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Spinal muscle pathology.

S J Valberg1

  • 1Department of Clinical and Population Sciences, Large Animal Medicine, University of Minnesota College of Veterinary Medicine, St Paul, USA.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice
|April 28, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Recognizing spinal muscle pathology in horses involves observing signs like muscle atrophy and lameness. Muscle biopsy aids diagnosis when other methods fail, identifying causes such as rhabdomyolysis or immune-related myopathy.

Area of Science:

  • Equine Medicine
  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Muscle Pathology

Background:

  • Spinal muscle pathology presents with both obvious and subtle clinical signs in horses.
  • Recognizing these signs is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment of equine back conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the clinical signs associated with spinal muscle pathology in horses.
  • To discuss the role of muscle biopsy in diagnosing equine back pain.
  • To identify potential causes of spinal muscle rhabdomyolysis and atrophy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical signs related to equine spinal muscle disorders.
  • Discussion of diagnostic procedures, including physical examination, imaging, and muscle biopsy.
  • Categorization of causes for spinal muscle rhabdomyolysis and atrophy.

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Main Results:

  • Easily recognized signs include epaxial muscle atrophy, swelling, tenderness, and increased muscle tone.
  • Subtle signs include spinal rigidity, shortened stride, hindlimb lameness, and poor performance.
  • Muscle biopsy is indicated when initial diagnostics are inconclusive or treatments fail.
  • Identified causes of rhabdomyolysis include nutritional myodegeneration, recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis, and polysaccharide storage myopathy.
  • Causes of muscle atrophy include severe rhabdomyolysis, immune-mediated myopathy, and neurogenic atrophy (EPM, EMND).

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of clinical signs aids in suspecting spinal muscle pathology.
  • Muscle biopsy is a valuable diagnostic tool for complex equine back pain cases.
  • Various etiologies contribute to spinal muscle dysfunction, requiring specific diagnostic approaches.