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Risk factors for cataract: a case control study.

S N Ughade1, S P Zodpey, V A Khanolkar

  • 1Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Government Medical College, Nagpur, India.

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
|April 28, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Identifying key risk factors for age-related cataract in central India is crucial for prevention. This study found that low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, diabetes, and hypertension significantly increase cataract risk, highlighting areas for public health intervention.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Age-related cataract is a leading cause of blindness globally.
  • Understanding modifiable risk factors is essential for targeted prevention strategies.
  • Previous research has identified various potential risk factors, but regional variations exist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between various risk factors and age-related cataract in central India.
  • To identify significant risk factors amenable to public health interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A hospital-based, group-matched case-control study was conducted.
  • 262 cases of age-related cataract and 262 controls were included.
  • 21 potential risk factors were assessed using univariate and unconditional multiple logistic regression analyses.

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Main Results:

  • Univariate analysis showed 14 risk factors significantly associated with cataract.
  • Logistic regression confirmed low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, history of diarrhea, diabetes, glaucoma, myopia, smoking, hypertension, and use of cheaper cooking fuel as significant risk factors.
  • Attributable risk proportion estimates indicated the potential impact of eliminating these factors.

Conclusions:

  • Low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, certain lifestyle choices, and pre-existing health conditions are significant risk factors for age-related cataract in central India.
  • Public health initiatives targeting these modifiable risk factors could substantially reduce cataract prevalence in the region.