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Cardiac tumors in dogs: 1982-1995.

W A Ware1, D L Hopper

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011-1250, USA.

Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
|May 4, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Canine cardiac tumors, particularly hemangiosarcoma, are rare but often malignant. Neutering appears to increase the risk in both male and female dogs, with spayed females facing the highest risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Canine Health

Background:

  • Cardiac tumors are uncommon in dogs, with an incidence of 0.19% in a large population.
  • Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is the predominant cardiac tumor, significantly more frequent than other types like aortic body tumors.
  • Primary heart tumors are more common than metastatic tumors in dogs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence and types of cardiac tumors in dogs.
  • To investigate the influence of age, sex, neutering status, and breed on cardiac tumor risk.
  • To analyze the biologic behavior and malignancy of canine cardiac tumors.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective search of the Veterinary Medical Database from 1982 to 1995.
  • Analysis of 1,383 canine cardiac tumor cases from a population of 729,265 dogs.
  • Histologic data review for tumor classification and risk factor assessment.

Main Results:

  • Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) was the most frequent cardiac tumor, outnumbering the second most common tumor by nearly tenfold.
  • Cardiac tumors were most prevalent in dogs aged 7-15 years, with no increased frequency in very old dogs.
  • Spayed females exhibited a significantly higher relative risk (>4 times) for cardiac tumors compared to intact females, and HSA risk was >5 times greater.
  • Neutered males also showed a slightly increased risk compared to intact males.
  • Certain breeds demonstrated a higher or lower than average risk for cardiac tumors.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac tumors in dogs, predominantly HSA, are often malignant and associated with specific age groups.
  • Neutering appears to be a risk factor for developing cardiac tumors in both sexes, particularly in spayed females.
  • Breed predisposition exists for cardiac tumors in dogs, necessitating further investigation into genetic or environmental factors.

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