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Probability estimates and paths to consonant normalization in children with speech delay.

F A Gruber1

  • 1University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA. gruberfa@hal.lamar.edu

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
|May 6, 1999
PubMed
Summary

This study predicts when children with speech delay will achieve normal speech. It identifies two distinct paths to normalization, with one path indicating persistent speech errors.

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Area of Science:

  • Speech-Language Pathology
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Quantitative Psychology

Background:

  • Speech delay affects numerous children, necessitating accurate prognostic indicators.
  • Understanding normalization trajectories is crucial for effective intervention planning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calculate probable ages of normalization for children with speech delay.
  • To develop simple formulas for predicting individual normalization likelihood.
  • To explore factors influencing the age of speech normalization.

Main Methods:

  • Kaplan-Meier analysis was employed on data from 24 children with speech delay.
  • Normalization was defined by a threshold score of 85% on key speech sound metrics (Percent of Consonants Correct, PCC-A, PCC-R).

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  • Statistical analysis examined the influence of sex and identified distinct normalization pathways.

    • Main Results:

    • Probable ages of normalization were calculated, with simple predictive formulas provided.
    • Child's sex did not significantly impact the age of normalization.
    • Two normalization paths were identified: Path A (error reduction) and Path B (distortion increase with error reduction), with Path B indicating residual errors.

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides a quantitative framework for predicting speech normalization in children with delay.
    • Distinct phonological development trajectories exist, offering insights into varying recovery patterns.
    • Findings align with previous research and help explain differential outcomes in speech-language pathology.