Solid-state chemical stability of proteins and peptides
Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 16, 2026

Determination of the Gas-phase Acidities of Oligopeptides
Published on: June 24, 2013
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Ave., Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA.
Abstract:
Peptide and protein drugs are often formulated in the solid-state to provide stabilization during storage. However, reactions can occur in the solid-state, leading to degradation and inactivation of these agents. This review summarizes the major chemical reactions affecting proteins and peptides in the solid-state: deamidation, peptide bond cleavage, oxidation, the Maillard reaction, beta-elimination, and dimerization/aggregation. Physical and chemical factors influencing these reactions are also discussed. These include temperature, moisture content, excipients, and the physical state of the formulation (amorphous vs crystalline). The review is intended to serve as an aid for those involved in formulation, and to stimulate further research on the determinants of peptide and protein reactivity in the solid-state.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Protein Organization
Protein Folding
Protein Organization
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.
Protein Folding
Protein Structure Is Critical to Its Biological Function
Proteins perform a wide range of biological functions such as catalyzing chemical reactions, providing...
Protein Denaturation
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

