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Dealing with a shifting paradigm.

R P Kaufman

    Physician Executive
    |April 10, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Scientific paradigms, or models, guide research by determining which facts are relevant. Paradigm shifts occur when new, unexplained discoveries challenge the existing scientific worldview.

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    Area of Science:

    • Philosophy of Science
    • Scientific Methodology

    Background:

    • Thomas S. Kuhn's 1970 work, "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions," introduced the concept of scientific paradigms.
    • Paradigms function as comprehensive worldviews, dictating the focus and interpretation of scientific data.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the nature of scientific paradigms and the process of their evolution.
    • To identify the key indicators and necessary conditions for a paradigm shift in scientific research.

    Main Methods:

    • Conceptual analysis of Kuhn's "Structure of Scientific Revolutions."
    • Examination of the theoretical framework governing scientific progress and model adoption.

    Main Results:

    • Scientific inquiry is inherently guided and constrained by prevailing paradigms.

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  • Paradigm shifts are signaled by anomalies—significant findings inexplicable by the current model.
  • Essential elements for a paradigm shift include strong stimuli, environmental changes, and the irrelevance of the change's value.

    • Conclusions:

    • The adoption and evolution of scientific paradigms are fundamental to scientific advancement.
    • Understanding paradigm shifts is crucial for recognizing the dynamic nature of scientific knowledge.
    • Those most involved in a paradigm are often the last to recognize the shift.