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The major histocompatibility complex in swine.

P Chardon1, C Renard, M Vaiman

  • 1Laboratoire mixte INRA-CEA de Radiobiologie Appliquée, Département de Génétique Animale, Jouy-en-Josas, France. chardon@biotec.jouy.inra.fr

Immunological Reviews
|May 13, 1999
PubMed
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The swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) complex on chromosome 7 shows structural similarities to the human HLA complex but differs in class I genes. Swine SLA exhibits significant polymorphism in DRB and DQB genes.

Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Comparative Genomics

Background:

  • The swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) complex, analogous to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, is crucial for immune responses in pigs.
  • Located on chromosome 7, the SLA region is divided by the centromere into class I, II, and III regions, spanning approximately 2 Mb and containing over 70 genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the genetic organization and polymorphism of the swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) complex.
  • To compare the SLA complex with the human HLA complex, focusing on class I, II, and III regions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of SLA class I, II, and III gene organization and spatial relationships.
  • Amino acid alignment of SLA classical class I, DR beta, and DQ beta chains.
  • Comparison of SLA gene structure and polymorphism with human HLA.

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Main Results:

  • The SLA complex shares spatial gene organization with the human HLA complex in class II and III regions, but not in class I genes.
  • Swine possess 12 SLA class I sequences in two clusters: classical and distantly related, with functional gene numbers varying by haplotype.
  • SLA class II genes code for functional DR and DQ heterodimers but not DP products, with significant polymorphism observed in DRB and DQB genes.

Conclusions:

  • The SLA complex exhibits a unique evolutionary path compared to the human HLA complex, particularly in its class I genes.
  • High polymorphism in SLA DRB and DQB genes suggests a significant role in swine immune diversity and adaptation.