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Soluble HLA in human body fluids.

D Aultman1, I Adamashvili, K Yaturu

  • 1Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130, USA.

Human Immunology
|May 13, 1999
PubMed
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Soluble human leukocyte antigen (sHLA) molecules, particularly sHLA-II, are present in various body fluids like sweat, saliva, and tears. Their presence is normal, but sHLA-II appears to be the predominant form, suggesting different production mechanisms than sHLA-I.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Soluble forms of human leukocyte antigen (sHLA) in serum are well-documented.
  • Limited research exists on sHLA concentrations in other bodily fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify soluble HLA class I (sHLA-I) and soluble HLA class II (sHLA-II) in sweat, saliva, and tears.
  • To investigate sHLA concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with various illnesses.

Main Methods:

  • Solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to measure sHLA-I and sHLA-II.
  • Western blotting confirmed sHLA-II presence in saliva.
  • Samples analyzed included sweat, saliva, tears, and CSF.

Main Results:

  • Normal individuals showed very low or undetectable sHLA-I in sweat, saliva, and tears.

Related Experiment Videos

  • sHLA-II was detected in all tested body fluids (sweat, saliva, tears) with individual variations.
  • Elevated sHLA-II in CSF was observed in patients with seizures, neonatal hepatitis, and connective tissue disease with viral infection.
  • High CSF sHLA-I was found in viral encephalitis, while sHLA-II was absent.

    • Conclusions:

    • The presence of sHLA in various body fluids is physiologically normal.
    • sHLA-II is the predominant soluble HLA class in body fluids.
    • Distinct mechanisms likely govern sHLA-II production in body fluids compared to sHLA-I in serum.