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Altitude-related pulmonary disorders.

B P Krieger1, R E de la Hoz

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Miami at Mount Sinai Medical Center, Florida, USA.

Critical Care Clinics
|May 20, 1999
PubMed
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High altitude exposure causes hypobaric hypoxia, stressing the cardiopulmonary system. This review covers adaptations, altitude sickness, and air travel risks.

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Altitude Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • High altitude environments present significant physiological challenges, primarily hypobaric hypoxia.
  • Understanding human adaptation to these conditions is crucial for health and performance.
  • Genetic variations may influence responses in diverse highlander populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review acute and chronic cardiopulmonary adaptations to high altitude.
  • To explore potential genetic differences in Himalayan and Andean highlanders.
  • To outline the etiology, symptoms, and management of altitude-related illnesses and air travel complications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of physiological and genetic studies on high altitude adaptation.
  • Synthesis of information on acute mountain sickness and high altitude pulmonary edema.

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  • Analysis of risk factors and preventive strategies for air travel.

    • Main Results:

    • Cardiopulmonary systems undergo significant acute and chronic adaptations to hypobaric hypoxia.
    • Genetic factors may contribute to differing acclimatization patterns in various highlander groups.
    • Acute mountain sickness and high altitude pulmonary edema are distinct syndromes with specific treatments.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of altitude-related illnesses requires understanding physiological responses.
    • Genetic diversity influences high altitude adaptation.
    • Preventive measures are essential for safe air travel at altitude.