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Interpupillary distance in a normal black population.

E K Pivnick1, M L Rivas, E A Tolley

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA.

Clinical Genetics
|May 20, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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This study established normal values for outer canthal distance (OCD) and inner canthal distance (ICD) in Black individuals. Black subjects showed significantly higher mean OCD and ICD compared to White individuals, with distinct developmental patterns.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Anthropometry
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Previous research established normal interpupillary distance (IPD), inner canthal distance (ICD), and outer canthal distance (OCD) for White, Asian, and Mexican American populations.
  • Normative data for these facial measurements in Black individuals were lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish normative values for outer canthal distance (OCD), inner canthal distance (ICD), and interpupillary distance (IPD) in a Black population.
  • To compare these measurements with existing data for other racial groups.

Main Methods:

  • Measurements of OCD, ICD, and head circumference (HC) were taken from 931 Black individuals (485 males, 446 females) aged birth to 24 years.
  • Mean IPD was calculated using Pryor's formulation.

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  • Statistical analysis was performed to compare measurements between sexes and age groups, and against existing data for White individuals.

    • Main Results:

    • Mean OCD and ICD in the Black sample were significantly higher than those reported for White individuals across all age levels (p < 0.001).
    • ICD was significantly lower at birth but showed a more rapid increase in the first 3 months, reaching and maintaining higher values thereafter.
    • Mean IPD values were significantly higher in both Black and White individuals compared to previous reports at each age level (p < 0.001).

    Conclusions:

    • The study provides crucial normative data for OCD, ICD, and IPD specific to the Black population.
    • Findings suggest that race-specific reference values should be used for assessing these facial measurements in Black children and adults.
    • These race-specific norms are essential for accurate clinical assessments and research involving Black individuals.