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Systemic sclerosis from autoimmunity to alloimmunity.

G Famularo1, C De Simone

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Ospedale San Camillo, Rome, Italy.

Southern Medical Journal
|May 26, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Systemic sclerosis may be a chronic graft-versus-host disease. Fetal microchimerism and maternal cells crossing the placenta, unrecognized due to HLA compatibility, may cause this autoimmune condition.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoimmune Diseases
  • Reproductive Immunology

Background:

  • The biological role of microchimerism, cells shared between mother and fetus, in systemic sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases remains unclear.
  • Investigating the maternal-fetal cell exchange is crucial for understanding autoimmune pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on microchimerism in pregnancy and its association with systemic sclerosis.
  • To explore the potential role of fetal or maternal cells in the development of systemic sclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search of MEDLINE (1980-1998) was conducted.
  • Keywords included systemic sclerosis, microchimerism, and pregnancy.
  • Additional sources included textbooks, meeting proceedings, and reference lists.

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Main Results:

  • Fetal microchimerism and shared human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatibility are frequent in women with systemic sclerosis.
  • Other microchimerism sources include blood transfusions, dizygotic twins, and maternal cells.

Conclusions:

  • Systemic sclerosis may represent a chronic graft-versus-host disease.
  • Fetal or maternal cells crossing the placenta could trigger this condition, potentially evading host recognition due to HLA compatibility.