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The environment and asthma in U.S. inner cities.

P A Eggleston1, T J Buckley, P N Breysse

  • 1School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287-3923, USA. pegglest@welchlink.welch.jhu.edu

Environmental Health Perspectives
|May 29, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Asthma prevalence is rising, especially in inner cities, linked to allergens, pollutants, and stress. Research is needed to understand genetic and environmental factors contributing to childhood asthma exacerbation.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Asthma prevalence and severity have significantly increased over the past two decades, particularly among children and young adults in U.S. inner cities.
  • Complex factors contribute to this rise, including environmental exposures (allergens, pollutants), medication changes, and psychosocial stressors in urban environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of environmental, immunologic, and genetic factors influencing asthma morbidity and mortality.
  • To establish a framework for interdisciplinary research into asthma etiology and exacerbation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiologic associations between asthma and environmental exposures.
  • Examination of immunologic sensitization processes, including genetic predisposition to IgE production.

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  • Consideration of animal models and human studies on allergen and pollutant exposure.

    • Main Results:

    • Strongest association found between asthma morbidity and exposure to airborne allergens in sensitive individuals.
    • Genetic predisposition plays a role in developing IgE to airborne allergens.
    • Pollutants, especially diesel exhaust particles, can augment mast-cell dependent inflammation in sensitized individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental exposures is crucial for addressing asthma.
    • Further research is needed to develop effective methods for assessing exposure to airborne pollutants.
    • An interdisciplinary approach is essential for tackling the complexities of asthma etiology and exacerbation.