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The evolution of visual cortex: where is V2?

M G Rosa1, L A Krubitzer

  • 1Vision, Touch and Hearing Research Centre, Dept of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.

Trends in Neurosciences
|June 4, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Primitive mammals likely had only one visual area (V2) next to the primary visual area (V1). Evidence does not support theories of multiple visual areas in early mammals, including rodents.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The organization of the extrastriate cortex in mammals is crucial for understanding visual processing evolution.
  • Previous hypotheses proposed multiple small visual areas adjacent to the primary visual area (V1) in primitive mammals, drawing parallels with some extant rodents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the organization of the lateral extrastriate cortex in primitive mammals.
  • To test the hypothesis of a 'string' of visual areas in early mammals versus a simpler organization.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of the cortical areas adjacent to the primary visual area (V1) across different mammalian species.
  • Re-analysis of published neuroanatomical and functional evidence regarding extrastriate cortex organization.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • The lateral extrastriate cortex of primitive mammals likely contained a single, visuotopically organized field: the second visual area (V2).
  • Evidence does not support the existence of numerous small visual areas lateral to V1 in primitive mammals.
  • Variability in extant rodents does not support the 'string' hypothesis for primitive mammals.

Conclusions:

  • Primitive mammals possessed a simpler extrastriate cortex organization, primarily consisting of V2.
  • The evolution of visual processing in mammals involved a less complex initial organization than previously suggested by some rodent models.