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Adolescent storm and stress, reconsidered.

J J Arnett1

  • 1Department of Human Development, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA. arnett@wam.umd.edu

The American Psychologist
|June 4, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Adolescent "storm and stress" is not universal but more likely during teenage years. Research supports a modified view, considering individual and cultural differences, with less stress in traditional cultures.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Adolescent Psychology

Background:

  • G. S. Hall's (1904) theory posits adolescence as a period of "storm and stress."
  • Contemporary research re-examines this view in light of new evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reconsider G. S. Hall's "storm and stress" theory.
  • To examine evidence regarding parent-adolescent conflict, mood disruptions, and risk behaviors.
  • To assess the influence of individual and cultural factors on adolescent stress.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of contemporary research findings.
  • Analysis of three key aspects: parent-child conflict, mood, and risk-taking.
  • Cross-cultural and intra-societal comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports a modified "storm and stress" view, acknowledging individual and cultural variations.
  • Adolescence is a more likely period for storm and stress compared to other life stages.
  • Storm and stress appear lower in traditional cultures than in Western societies, potentially increasing with globalization.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent storm and stress is not a universal experience but a more probable phenomenon during adolescence.
  • Individual differences and cultural contexts significantly moderate the experience of adolescent storm and stress.
  • Both scholars and the public largely support a nuanced, modified "storm and stress" perspective.

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