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Pro and contra of specific hyposensitization.
1Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie am Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, D-80802 München, Germany. S.Karl@lrz.tum.de
European Journal of Dermatology : EJD
|August 28, 1999
Summary
Specific hyposensitization involves gradually increasing allergen doses to treat IgE-mediated allergies. This causal treatment, primarily via subcutaneous injection, aims to shift immune response and reduce symptoms, requiring patient cooperation.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Allergology
Background:
- Specific hyposensitization is a treatment for IgE-mediated allergies.
- It involves administering increasing allergen doses to induce tolerance.
- The mechanism is hypothesized to involve a shift from Th 2 to Th 1 immune responses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the practice, efficacy, and safety of specific hyposensitization.
- To highlight the importance of standardized allergen extracts and proper administration.
- To discuss the role of patient motivation in treatment success.
Main Methods:
- Review of controlled studies assessing hyposensitization efficacy.
- Description of allergen extract preparation and standardization.
- Discussion of administration routes (subcutaneous vs. oral/sublingual) and associated risks.
Main Results:
- Specific hyposensitization is an effective causal treatment for allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, asthma, and venom allergies.
- Subcutaneous injection is the principal and most effective route.
- Risks like anaphylaxis exist but can be minimized with careful practice.
Conclusions:
- Specific hyposensitization offers a causal treatment option for specific allergic conditions.
- Standardized extracts and subcutaneous administration are recommended.
- Patient education and motivation are crucial for successful outcomes.