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The economics of preventing revisions in total hip replacement

U Persson1, M Persson, H Malchau

  • 1Swedish Institute for Health Economics, Lund, Sweden.

Insights

Choosing cost-effective prophylaxis for total hip replacement infections depends on hospital volume. Palacos cement and antibiotics are cost-effective at 100 arthroplasties annually, reducing overall departmental costs.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Infectious Disease Prevention
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Deep infections following total hip replacement (THR) pose significant clinical and economic challenges.
  • Optimizing prophylaxis strategies is crucial for patient outcomes and healthcare resource management.
  • Hospital surgical volume can influence the cost-effectiveness of different prophylactic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the most cost-effective methods for deep infection prophylaxis in total hip replacement surgery.
  • To evaluate the impact of hospital arthroplasty volume on the selection of cost-effective cement and prophylactic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative cost analysis of different infection prophylaxis strategies for total hip replacement.
  • Evaluation of cement types (e.g., Palacos, gentamicin-impregnated cement) and antibiotic regimens.
  • Modeling of cost-effectiveness based on varying annual hospital arthroplasty volumes.

Main Results:

  • At an annual volume of 100 total hip arthroplasties, Palacos cement combined with systemic antibiotics proved cost-effective, reducing costs associated with cement, prophylaxis, and revisions.
  • Gentamicin-impregnated cement with systemic antibiotics offers further risk reduction for revisions and represents another cost-effective approach.
  • While a combination of gentamicin-impregnated cement, systemic antibiotics, and surgical enclosure provides the most effective prophylaxis, the added cost of surgical enclosure is not offset by savings from reduced revisions.

Conclusions:

  • The optimal selection of cement and infection prophylaxis for total hip replacement is volume-dependent.
  • For hospitals performing approximately 100 arthroplasties annually, specific combinations of cement and antibiotics offer significant cost savings.
  • While advanced methods like surgical enclosures enhance prophylaxis, their cost-effectiveness is limited by the lack of substantial revision cost offsets.

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