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Related Experiment Videos

Ammonium nitrate: a promising rocket propellant oxidizer

Oommen1, Jain

  • 1Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560 012, India.

Journal of Hazardous Materials
|June 17, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Ammonium nitrate (AN) offers an eco-friendly, cost-effective alternative to ammonium perchlorate in propellants. However, its practical application is limited by issues such as hygroscopicity and a low burning rate.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid propellant chemistry
  • Energetic materials research
  • Green propellant technology

Background:

  • Ammonium nitrate (AN) is a widely used oxidizer in explosives and fertilizers.
  • There is a growing demand for environmentally friendly, chlorine-free propellants.
  • Ammonium perchlorate, a common oxidizer, produces undesirable combustion products.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the use of ammonium nitrate (AN) as a solid propellant oxidizer.
  • To consolidate information on AN's properties and challenges in propellant applications.
  • To explore AN as a potential eco-friendly alternative to ammonium perchlorate.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of AN's properties and applications in propellants.
  • Analysis of AN's phase modifications and decomposition chemistry.

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  • Evaluation of burning rate (BR) and energetics of AN-based propellants.

    • Main Results:

    • AN produces smokeless, environmentally friendly combustion products.
    • AN is inexpensive and readily available.
    • AN's use is hindered by hygroscopicity, phase transitions, and lower burning rates compared to traditional oxidizers.

    Conclusions:

    • Ammonium nitrate (AN) presents a promising, green alternative for solid propellants.
    • Addressing AN's limitations in phase stability, hygroscopicity, and energetics is crucial for its wider adoption.
    • Further research into AN-based propellants could lead to more sustainable rocket motor technologies.