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[Guidelines for the therapy of heart failure: importance of the treatment individualization]
1Clínica Universitária de Medicina I Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Hospital São Francisco Xavier, Lisboa.
Insights
Heart failure treatment has improved survival but remains challenging due to increasing incidence and high costs. Personalized therapy is crucial for managing diverse patient needs and improving outcomes in heart failure patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine
- Public Health and Epidemiology
Context:
- Heart failure (HF) incidence and prevalence are rising, particularly in elderly populations across Europe and the US.
- Coronary artery disease is now the primary etiology in approximately 60% of heart failure cases.
- Despite therapeutic advancements, high mortality, morbidity, and community costs persist.
Purpose:
- To review the evolving landscape of heart failure therapy.
- To highlight the importance of individualized treatment strategies.
- To underscore the ongoing challenges in managing heart failure.
Summary:
- Recent advancements in heart failure therapy have improved survival and quality of life.
- Current treatment involves general measures (etiological treatment, lifestyle modifications, ACE inhibition) and individualized approaches.
- Effective management requires a comprehensive strategy including pharmacotherapy, mechanical support, and surgical interventions.
Impact:
- Improved understanding of heart failure etiology and treatment paradigms.
- Emphasis on personalized medicine for diverse pathophysiological profiles in heart failure.
- Highlights the need for continued research and integrated care to mitigate the growing burden of heart failure.
Abstract:
Heart failure therapy has evolved significantly in recent years, allowing a prolonged survival and better quality of life. However, mortality and morbidity remain high, with enormous costs for the community. The incidence and prevalence of heart failure are increasing in Europe and the United States, predominantly in the elderly. The etiology of heart failure is different nowadays, with about 60% of the patients suffering from coronary artery disease. Modern treatment of heart failure involves general measures common to all patients, regardless of etiology, phase and NYHA class--etiological treatment, correction of precipitating factors, prevention, diet, programmed exercise and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. However, the diversity of pathophysiological and etiopathogenic aspects, the symptom intensity and the severity of the disease require individualized therapy, which implies the wise management of a panoply of drugs, mechanical resources and surgery.