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Related Experiment Videos

Apocalmodulin.

L A Jurado1, P S Chockalingam, H W Jarrett

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Physiological Reviews
|July 3, 1999
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Calmodulin (CaM) exists in two states: calcium-bound and calcium-free (apocalmodulin). Both states bind different proteins, performing essential cellular functions, with apocalmodulin

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Signaling
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) levels are tightly regulated but rise during cellular stimulation.
  • Calcium-binding proteins, like calmodulin (CaM), mediate cellular responses by altering metabolism and physiology.
  • CaM binds Ca2+ to form Ca2+-CaM, which transduces Ca2+ signals by altering target protein function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct roles and binding properties of calcium-free apocalmodulin (ApoCaM).
  • To highlight the essential, yet less understood, functions of ApoCaM independent of Ca2+ binding.
  • To explore the diverse protein interactions and cellular significance of ApoCaM.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of CaM's tertiary structure in both Ca2+-bound and Ca2+-free states.

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  • Identification of ApoCaM binding motifs (e.g., IQ motif, noncontiguous sites).
  • Characterization of ApoCaM-binding proteins, including enzymes and cytoskeletal components.

    • Main Results:

    • ApoCaM exhibits a different tertiary structure than Ca2+-CaM, enabling distinct protein interactions.
    • ApoCaM binds to at least 15 diverse proteins, including enzymes, actin-binding proteins, and membrane proteins.
    • A significant portion of cellular CaM is Ca2+-independent, bound to membranes, suggesting a storage role and rapid response potential.

    Conclusions:

    • Calmodulin cycles between Ca2+-bound and Ca2+-free states, each mediating distinct, essential cellular functions.
    • ApoCaM plays vital roles independent of Ca2+ and interacts with a wide array of cellular proteins.
    • Further research into ApoCaM's functions is crucial, as its roles are as vital as Ca2+-CaM but less understood.