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Related Experiment Videos

Autoantibodies associated with peripheral neuropathy.

R H Quarles1, M D Weiss

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 2A28, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

Muscle & Nerve
|July 9, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Serum antibodies targeting neural antigens are linked to various neuropathies. While correlations exist between antibody types and symptoms, their direct causal role in disease pathogenesis requires further investigation for therapeutic insights.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • High titers of serum antibodies to neural antigens are observed in diverse neuropathies, including those linked to monoclonal gammopathy, inflammation, and cancer.
  • These antibodies often target glycosylated cell surface molecules like glycolipids and glycoproteins, though intracellular proteins can also be targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the origins of autoantibodies against neural antigens.
  • To evaluate the evidence for and against the pathogenic role of these antibodies in neuropathy.
  • To discuss the therapeutic implications of understanding antibody involvement in neuropathies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating serum antibodies in neuropathy.
  • Analysis of correlations between antibody specificities and clinical presentations.

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  • Assessment of evidence for antibody-mediated pathogenesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Specific antibodies correlate with distinct clinical syndromes: anti-MAG with demyelinating neuropathy, anti-GM1 with motor disorders, anti-disialyl moieties with sensory ataxia/Miller-Fisher syndrome, and anti-Hu with paraneoplastic sensory neuronopathy.
    • The evidence for a causal relationship between antibodies and neuropathy varies in strength across different antibody specificities.

    Conclusions:

    • Antibodies to neural antigens are associated with several neuropathies.
    • The pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic potential related to these antibodies are areas of ongoing research and clinical importance.