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Human pathogen subversion of antigen presentation.

F M Brodsky1, L Lem, A Solache

  • 1G. W. Hooper Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0552, USA. fmarbro@itsa.ucsf.edu

Immunological Reviews
|July 10, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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Pathogens evade immune responses by disrupting antigen presentation pathways involving major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Viruses and bacteria actively interfere with MHC class I and class II antigen presentation, showcasing pathogen-host co-evolution.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Pathogens have evolved immune evasion strategies targeting antigen presentation.
  • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules present antigens to T cells via class I and class II pathways.
  • Disruption of these pathways is a common immune evasion tactic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review molecular events in MHC antigen presentation pathways.
  • To document pathogen interference with these pathways.
  • To summarize specific examples of viral and bacterial interference.

Main Methods:

  • Review of molecular events in antigen presentation.
  • Documentation of pathogen interference strategies.
  • Summarization of studies on adenovirus, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Coxiella burnetii.

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Main Results:

  • Adenovirus E19 interferes with MHC class I expression via direct binding and TAP transporter interaction.
  • Chlamydia trachomatis and Coxiella burnetii affect MHC class II presentation within endocytic compartments.
  • Pathogens employ active (viral) and passive (bacterial) interference with antigen presentation.

Conclusions:

  • Pathogen interference with MHC antigen presentation is a key immune evasion strategy.
  • Viral gene products actively disrupt antigen presentation pathways.
  • Bacteria and intracellular parasites passively interfere, demonstrating pathogen-host co-evolution.