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Implicit and explicit memory functioning in children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure.

S N Mattson1, E P Riley

  • 1Center for Behavioral Teratology, San Diego State University, CA, USA. smattson@sunstroke.sdsu.edu

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
|August 10, 1999
PubMed
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Children with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure show learning and memory deficits, particularly in free recall and verbal fluency. However, they benefit from verbal priming, unlike children with Down syndrome.

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental deficits
  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) causes significant neurodevelopmental deficits, including memory impairments.
  • The precise nature of memory deficits in PAE requires further characterization.
  • Previous studies indicate basal ganglia involvement in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To further characterize memory functioning in children with heavy PAE.
  • To evaluate priming performance in children with heavy PAE.
  • To compare memory and verbal fluency in PAE, Down syndrome, and control groups.

Main Methods:

  • Lexical priming, free recall, recognition memory, and verbal fluency were assessed.
  • Three groups were studied: children with heavy PAE, children with Down syndrome, and nonexposed controls.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Performance was compared across groups on various memory and language tasks.

    • Main Results:

    • Children with Down syndrome exhibited less priming than alcohol-exposed children.
    • Alcohol-exposed children were impaired in free recall but not recognition memory.
    • Alcohol-exposed children showed deficits in both category and letter verbal fluency, with greater impairment in letter fluency.

    Conclusions:

    • Children with heavy PAE demonstrate specific memory deficits, including impaired free recall and verbal fluency.
    • Despite learning and memory impairments, children with heavy PAE can benefit from verbal priming.
    • These findings help differentiate cognitive profiles in neurodevelopmental disorders.