Plasmacytoma and upper airway obstruction.

Area of Science:

• Hematologic Oncology
• Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

• Extramedullary plasmacytomas are rare hematologic malignancies typically found in the head and neck.
• These tumors usually involve submucosal lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx or paranasal sinuses, presenting as soft tissue masses.
• While common in the head and neck, airway obstruction by extramedullary plasmacytoma has not been previously reported.

Observation:

• This report details a unique case of acute upper respiratory tract obstruction.
• The obstruction was caused by compression from an extramedullary plasmacytoma in the neck.
• The patient had a history of long-standing multiple myeloma.

Findings:

• Extramedullary plasmacytoma can manifest as a cause of upper airway obstruction.
• This presentation can occur in patients with a history of multiple myeloma.
• The diagnosis of plasmacytoma often precedes the development of systemic multiple myeloma.

Implications:

• Otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons must be aware of plasmacytoma as a potential cause of airway obstruction.
• Prompt diagnosis and management are essential for patient outcomes.
• Complete surgical excision and radiation therapy can be curative for plasmacytomas, particularly in patients without overt plasma cell dyscrasias.