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Morphological innovation and developmental genetics.

C R Marshall¹, H A Orr, N H Patel

¹Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Molecular Biology Institute, Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USA. marshall@harvard.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|September 1, 1999

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Investigating gene actions reveals their role in animal and plant morphology. Recent studies are identifying these genes and their evolutionary impact on morphological innovation.

Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Developmental biology
Genetics

Background:

Complex animal and plant morphologies arise from intricate genetic mechanisms.
Understanding the evolutionary origins of morphological diversity is a key challenge in biology.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore how individual genes contribute to complex morphologies across species.
To investigate the taxonomic distribution and identification of genes underlying morphological differences.
To reconcile empirical data with theoretical frameworks in evolutionary developmental biology.

Main Methods:

Review of recent empirical studies and theoretical models.
Analysis of genetic data related to morphological traits.
Comparative genomics and evolutionary analyses.

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Main Results:

Identification of key genes involved in morphological innovation.
Insights into the evolutionary pathways shaping diverse forms.
Progress towards understanding the mechanistic basis of morphological evolution.

Conclusions:

Individual genes play significant roles in generating complex morphologies.
Taxonomic surveys are revealing the widespread nature of these genes.
Integrating empirical data and theory advances our understanding of morphological evolution.