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Preparing for Mars: the physiologic and medical challenges.

J C Buckey1

  • 1Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756, USA. Jay.Buckey@Dartmouth.edu

European Journal of Medical Research
|September 8, 1999
PubMed
Summary
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A Mars mission presents significant physiological challenges, including bone density loss and radiation exposure. Further research is crucial to ensure astronaut safety for long-duration spaceflight.

Area of Science:

  • Space Medicine
  • Human Physiology
  • Astrobiology

Background:

  • Mars missions represent a significant leap in complexity and duration compared to lunar missions.
  • Astronaut health is paramount for the success of extended deep-space exploration.
  • Previous spaceflights, like those on Mir, provide valuable data on physiological effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and analyze the primary physiological and medical challenges of a long-duration Mars journey.
  • To assess the risks associated with calcium metabolism and radiation exposure during spaceflight.
  • To explore potential countermeasures and research needs for future Mars missions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of data from previous space missions, including Mir and lunar missions.
Keywords:
NASA Discipline CardiopulmonaryNon-NASA Center

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of bone loss rates and their potential long-term effects like osteoporosis.
  • Examination of radiation exposure risks from cosmic rays (HZE particles) and the challenges of shielding.
  • Consideration of other physiological issues such as muscle loss, cardiovascular deconditioning, and vestibular adaptation.

    • Main Results:

    • Spaceflight leads to continued bone loss, with some areas experiencing significant density reduction.
    • A 30-month Mars mission could exacerbate bone loss, potentially leading to osteoporosis and increased fracture risk.
    • Radiation exposure from HZE particles poses a substantial risk for biological damage, including cancer induction, with limited existing research.
    • The effectiveness of post-flight rehabilitation for bone density restoration is not well understood.

    Conclusions:

    • Calcium metabolism and radiation exposure are critical physiological hurdles for Mars missions.
    • Further research, potentially utilizing the International Space Station, is essential to develop effective countermeasures.
    • Addressing these challenges is key to enabling human exploration of Mars.