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Microbubbles are detected prior to larger bubbles following decompression.

J G Swan1, J C Wilbur, K L Moodie

  • 1Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth University, Hanover, New Hampshire;

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|January 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Decompression-induced microbubbles, detected by dual-frequency ultrasound (DFU), appear before larger venous gas emboli (VGE). This suggests microbubbles may serve as an early indicator of decompression stress in divers.

Keywords:
decompression sicknessdual-frequency ultrasoundultrasoundvenous gas emboli

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Ultrasound Technology
  • Diving Medicine

Background:

  • Microbubbles (<10 μm) are detected post-decompression using dual-frequency ultrasound (DFU).
  • The relationship between these microbubbles and B-mode ultrasound-detectable venous gas emboli (bmdVGE) is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if microbubbles can be detected intravascularly after decompression.
  • To investigate the temporal sequence of microbubbles and bmdVGE formation.

Main Methods:

  • Anesthetized swine (n=15) underwent hyperbaric exposure (4.0-4.5 ATA for 2h) followed by decompression (to 0.98 ATA).
  • Microbubble presence and VGE grade were assessed using DFU and B-mode ultrasound for 1 hour post-decompression.
  • Measurements were taken every 4-5 minutes.

Main Results:

  • Microbubbles were detected intravascularly post-decompression, irrespective of bmdVGE presence.
  • In subjects without bmdVGE, microbubbles persisted for 60 minutes.
  • Microbubble signals preceded the detection of bmdVGE, with significant differences observed at 5 and 10 minutes post-decompression.

Conclusions:

  • Decompression-induced microbubbles are detectable intravascularly and can precede larger venous gas emboli (VGE).
  • Microbubble presence may serve as an early marker for decompression stress.
  • DFU's low-power capability suggests potential for operational diving applications.