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Cholesterol lowering by diet: what can be achieved?

M B Katan1

  • 1Wageningen Centre for Food Sciences, Wageningen University of Agriculture, The Netherlands. Martijn.Katan@staff.nutepi.wau.nl

Acta Cardiologica
|September 9, 1999
PubMed
Summary

Diet significantly impacts plasma cholesterol levels. Lifestyle changes, including reduced saturated fat and increased fiber intake, can substantially lower cholesterol, with novel foods offering further reductions.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Nutritional Science
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Plasma cholesterol regulation is suboptimal in humans, making it susceptible to lifestyle influences.
  • Significant population-level differences in cholesterol exist, partly attributable to dietary variations.
  • Historical data from the Seven Countries Study highlighted disparities between Finnish and Japanese cholesterol levels around 1960.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the extent to which diet accounts for cholesterol level differences between populations.
  • To evaluate the impact of dietary interventions on total cholesterol reduction.
  • To assess the role of novel foods in managing cholesterol levels.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of dietary intake, focusing on saturated fat and fiber, in population studies.
  • Review of controlled dietary intervention trials.
  • Examination of the effects of specific food components, such as plant sterols.

Main Results:

  • Dietary differences, particularly saturated fat intake, partially explain population cholesterol variations.
  • Controlled trials demonstrate that iso-caloric diets low in saturated fat and high in fiber can reduce total cholesterol by 20-30%.
  • Plant sterol-enriched foods may offer an additional 10% reduction in total cholesterol.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary modifications represent a substantial strategy for reducing total plasma cholesterol levels.
  • Lifestyle interventions, including dietary changes, are crucial for managing cholesterol.
  • The efficacy and long-term value of novel cholesterol-lowering foods require further evaluation.

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